They tend to support weight and help movement. Long bones: These are mostly compacted bones with little marrow and include most of the bones in the limbs. There are five types of bones in the human body: Detoxification: Bones can absorb heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and arsenic from the blood.pH balance: Some research has suggested bones can release or absorb alkaline salts, helping blood to stay at the right pH level, but scientists need more studies to confirm this.Calcium balance: Bones can raise or reduce calcium in the blood by forming bone, or breaking it down in a process called resorption.They release hormones that act on the kidneys and influence blood sugar regulation and fat deposition. Endocrine function: Bones produce the precursors to various hormones, including those involved in growth, insulin production, and brain development.Bone marrow adipose tissue can also store fatty acids. Storage: Bones act as a reserve for minerals, particularly calcium and phosphorous.Also, the body destroys defective and old red blood cells in bone marrow. SynthesisĬancellous bone is a vital reservoir for developing red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells. For instance, the skull protects the brain, and the ribs protect the heart and lungs. Some bones protect the body’s internal organs. Without anchoring to bones, muscles could not move the body. Muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach to bones. Mechanicsīones provide a frame to support the body. Studies show that, in addition to structure and movement, bones support energy metabolism, the production of blood cells, the immune system, and brain function. Hydroxyapatite gives the bones compressive strength, or resistance to compression.īones serve various functions that affect the whole body. This extracellular matrix consists of organic components (mostly type 1 collagen) and inorganic components, including hydroxyapatite and other salts, such as calcium and phosphate.Ĭollagen gives bone its tensile strength, namely resistance to pulling apart. Extracellular matrixīones are essentially living cells embedded in a mineral-based organic matrix. It also produces lymphocytes, or the white blood cells involved in the immune response. The marrow produces around 2 million red blood cells every second. platelets, which the body uses for clotting.white blood cells, essential for the body’s immune system.red blood cells, which deliver oxygen to cells.Osteoclasts help remodel injured bones and create pathways for nerves and blood vessels to travel through.īone marrow is present in almost all bones where cancellous, or spongy, bone is present.īone marrow produces blood cells, including: They use acids resulting from certain reactions to break down used bone. Osteoclasts are large cells with more than one nucleus.They communicate with other bone cells and help support metabolic functions within the bone. Osteocytes are inactive osteoblasts that are mineralized and remain within the bone they have created.They produce a protein mixture that doctors call osteoid, which is mineralized and becomes bone. Osteoblasts are responsible for generating and repairing bone.There are three main cell types involved in this process. In this article, we explain their function, what they consist of, and the types of cells they involve.īones are not static tissue but need constant maintenance and remodeling. The bones contain 99% of the body’s calcium.īones have an internal structure similar to a honeycomb, which makes them rigid yet relatively light. The mineral calcium phosphate hardens this framework, giving it strength. The largest bone in the human body is the thighbone, or femur, and the smallest is the stapes in the middle ear, at around 3 millimeters long.īones consist mostly of the protein collagen, which forms a soft framework. The reason for the difference is that some people have more or fewer bones in their ribs, vertebrae, fingers, and toes. As they grow, some fuse.īy adulthood, people have between 206 and 213 bones. At birth, humans have around 270 soft bones. The skeleton accounts for around 15% of body weight. Moveover, they act as a storage area for minerals, particularly calcium. Also, it is in the bones that the body produces bone marrow and, from there, blood cells. Their functions include supporting body structure, protecting key organs, and enabling the body to move.
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